Fine and ultrafine particle concentrations at Hanoi primary schools
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that fine (PM2,5 and PM10) and ultrafine (UF) particles measured in terms of particle number (PN) concentrations are toxic to human health, especially to children, who are easier exposed to these pollutants. Studies on particle concentrations at primary schools have attracted worldwide scientists’ attention. However, there is no related article in Vietnam published yet. Using two sets of instruments, the authors, for the first time, have simultaneously and continuously measured concentrations of UF, PM2,5, and PM10 both indoor and outdoor of classrooms at ten Hanoi primary schools in order to quantify and primarily evaluate factors that affect particle concentrations. Mean concentrations of indoor and outdoor UF particles were 3846-8709 particle/cm3 and 8519-33624 particle/cm3, respectively. Mean indoor and outdoor PM2,5 concentrations were 71-173 μg/m3 and 80-355 μg/m3, respectively; While average indoor and outdoor PM10 concentrations ranged from 81-188 μg/m3 and 99-410 μg/m3, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that indoor UF particle concentrations were strongly influenced by high outdoor vehicle PN sources, while indoor PM2,5 and PM10 levels were influenced by both outdoor sources and indoor primary school students’ activities.
Keywords: Ultrafine particle, fine particle PM2,5 and PM10.
Received: September 25th, 2017; revised: October 12th, 2017; accepted: November 2nd, 2017
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