Spatial concepts for underground public spaces in the surrounding areas of metro stations in Hanoi’s historical inner city

Abstract

Underground public spaces have developed significantly in cities, such as in Japan, Singapore and Europe. These spaces effectively connect urban railway stations with commercial, cultural and recreational facilities, as a response to the pressure of urbanization and land shortage. In Vietnam, particularly within the historic center of Hanoi, the increasing population, high building density and limited public spaces also emphasize the necessity for developing underground public spaces. These could supplement existing amenities, alleviate the burden on infrastructure and preserve urban heritage. This paper aims to propose solutions for designing underground public spaces connected to urban railway stations. The key research methodology combines case study, mapping and questionnaire survey. Case studies are chosen in three areas: Hang Dau station, Kim Lien station and the station at the intersection of Lieu Giai – Nguyen Chi Thanh – Dao Tan – Kim Ma streets with different development characteristics in Hanoi’s inner city. The paper proposes a spatial concept for multifunctional and flexible underground public spaces. The results will contribute to urban planning and urban management practices, and particularly to the enhancement of the quality of life in Hanoi.