A CS-MITC3+ plate element for static analysis of HSDT-type functionally graded plates under thermo-mechanical loading
Abstract
This paper introduces the development of a 3-node triangular plate element, which utilizes C0-type shape functions enhanced by a cubic function at the bubble node positioned at the element’s centroid. This element is designed for the static analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates based on high-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The in-plane strains of the element are averaged over sub-triangular domains bounded by straight lines connecting the vertex nodes to the bubble node. The cell-based smoothed (CS) technique simplifies the integration of in-plane stiffness matrices by confining it to the boundaries of the sub-triangular domains. To reduce the shear-locking phenomenon caused by the thin plate’s thickness, the approach of mixed interpolation tensorial components (MITC3+) is employed to independently interpolate the transverse shear strains. Several benchmark FG plates subjected to thermo-mechanical loading are statically analyzed using the proposed element, referred to as the CS-MITC3+ plate element. The robustness of the presented element is evaluated in comparison with references.
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1. The Author assigns all copyright in and to the article (the Work) to the Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (JSTCE) – Hanoi University of Civil Engineering (HUCE), including the right to publish, republish, transmit, sell and distribute the Work in whole or in part in electronic and print editions of the Journal, in all media of expression now known or later developed.
2. By this assignment of copyright to the JSTCE, reproduction, posting, transmission, distribution or other use of the Work in whole or in part in any medium by the Author requires a full citation to the Journal, suitable in form and content as follows: title of article, authors’ names, journal title, volume, issue, year, copyright owner as specified in the Journal, DOI number. Links to the final article published on the website of the Journal are encouraged.
3. The Author and the company/employer agree that any and all copies of the final published version of the Work or any part thereof distributed or posted by them in print or electronic format as permitted herein will include the notice of copyright as stipulated in the Journal and a full citation to the Journal as published on the website.